FLUID BALANCE

FLUID BALANCE

Introduction

Water comprises 60%  of the body weight of an average adult. Total body water is divided functionally into the extra cellular fluid (ECF -20% of body weight) and intracellular fluid (ICF - 40% of body weight) separated by the cell memrbane.

Daily normally water balance

Intake (2500 ml) approx

Water from beverages     -               1200 ml
Water drmf solid tool.     - .             1000 ml
Metabolic water from oxidation.  300 ml
Total .                                                  2500 ml

Output (ml) - 2500 ml

Urine                                                  1500 ml
Lisses from skin and lungs.             900 ml
Feaces .                                                100 ml
Total .                                                2500 ml

Conditions Arises from water imbalance

Dehydration :-  Los of water/lac of water within cell/tissue.
Over- hydration :- Water retention within the bidy.

DEHYDRATION

Defination :- Loss of water in cell and tissue dehydration. A human made bidy contains 60 percent water and 50 percent in Case of female. Normally dehydration is presented by sensation of thirst. This mechanism may fall when sufficient water is not available and there is high loss of fluid from the body due to vomiting and diarrhea.

Causes

• Inadequate drinking of water
• Severe vom8tinv
• Serve diarrhea
• Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
• Sun stroke
• Serve heamorrhag
• Diabetes
• Burn
• Cholera etc.

 Signs and Symptoms

• Thirst
• B.P. low
• Muscle weakness
• Something impalpable pulse
• Weight loss
• Dry tongue
• Sunken eyes ball
• Decreased urinary output
• Blood urea increase
• Headache
• Restlessness
• Low skin integrity
• Cracked lips
• Deep and fast respiration.

Diagnostic Evaluation

• Presence of clinical manifestation.
• Blood imvstigainves.

Complications

• Confusion
• Coma or shock
• Oliguria.

Management

1. Mild dehydration :- Provide Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT).

1. Give ORS solution to patient.

ORS Contain.                                 Amt. In gm.

NaCl (Sodium choride).                  3.5 gm

NaHCO3 (Sodium bicarbonate).   2.5 gm

KCL  (Potassium choride).             1.5 gm

C6 H12 O6 (Glucose) .                      20 gm

All contain dissolve in 1000 ml of water.

2.  Service dehydration

• I.V. Therapy for serve dehydration
• Blood transfusion if haemirrhag is there.
• Antudiarrheal treatment if diarrhoea.

Narsing Management

• Close observation
• Maintain personal hygiene
• Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
• To provide redt and comfort
• To provide skin care
• Maintain nutritional level
• Provide psychological support
• Maintain activity level of patient
• Health education.